De grootste gids naar Hawler
De grootste gids naar Hawler
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Een situatie aangaande een Koerden in het nieuwe Turkije blijft ingewikkeld en in 1978 wordt een verzetsbeweging PKK gesticht.
Amnesty International reported that "[s]he took the oath of loyalty in Turkish, as required by law, then added in Kurdish, 'I shall struggle so that the Kurdish and Turkish peoples may live together in a democratic framework.' In feedback to this, calls for her arrest blaming her of being a "Separatist" and "Terrorist" were heard in the Turkish parliament.[99]
Welcome to Erbil, Kurdistan’s historic capital! If you idee to visit this city in the heart of northern…
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In early Middle Ages, the Kurds sporadically appear in Arabic sources, though the term was still not being used for a specific people; instead it referred to an amalgam of nomadic western Iranian tribes, who were distinct from Persians.
کوردسینەما وێبگەیەکی کوردییە کە تایبەتە بە فیلم و زنجیرەکان بە ژێرنووسی کوردی، ھاوکات گرنگی بە ھەواڵ و زانیاری تایبەت بە سینەما و ئەستێرەکانی ئەو بوارە دەدات.
On 12 March 2004, beginning at a stadium in Qamishli (a city in northeastern Syria where many Kurds live), clashes between Kurds and Syrians broke out and continued over a number ofwel days.
"Linguistics itself, or dialectology, does not provide any general or straightforward definition of at which point a language becomes a dialect (or vice versa). To attain a fuller understanding of the difficulties and questions that are raised by the issue of the 'Kurdish language', it kan zijn therefore necessary to consider also non-linguistic factors."[15] ^ "The Kurds, an Iranian people ofwel the Near East, live at the junction ofwel more or less laicised Turkey". Excerpt 2: "The classification of the Kurds among the Iranian nations kan zijn based mainly on linguistic and historical data and does not prejudice the fact there is a complexity ofwel ethnical elements incorporated in them" Excerpt 3: "We thus find that about the period of the Arab conquest a single ethnic term Kurd (plur. Akrād ) was beginning to be applied to an amalgamation ofwel Iranian or iranicised tribes. Among the latter, some were autochthonous (the Ḳardū; the Tmorik̲h̲/Ṭamurāyē in the district ofwel which Alangḳī=Ieder was the capital; the Χοθα̑ίται [= alang-Ḵh̲uwayt̲h̲iyya] in the canton of Ḵh̲oyt ofwel Sāsūn, the Orṭāyē [= weet-Arṭān] in the bend of the Euphrates); some were Semites (cf. the popular genealogies of the Kurd tribes) and some probably Armenian (it kan zijn said that the Mamakān tribe kan zijn ofwel Mamikonian origin)." Excerpt 4: "In the 20th century, the existence of an Iranian non-Kurdish element among the Kurds has been definitely established (the Gūrān-Zāzā group)."[twintig] ^ Dandamaev considers Carduchi (who were from the upper Tigris near the Assyrian and Median borders) less likely than Cyrtians as ancestors ofwel modern Kurds: "It has repeatedly been argued that the Carduchi were the ancestors of the Kurds, but the Cyrtii (Kurtioi) mentioned by Polybius, Livy, and Strabo (see MacKenzie (1961), pp. 68–69) are more likely candidates."[24] However, according to McDowall, the term Cyrtii was first applied to Seleucid or Parthian mercenary slingers from Zagros, and it kan zijn not clear if it denoted a coherent linguistic or ethnic group.[27] ^ "But the origins ofwel the family ofwel Shaykh Safi alang-Din go back not to the Hijaz but to Kurdistan, from where, seven generations before him, Firuz Shah Zarin-kulah had migrated to Adharbayjan.
Datzelfde jaar is Saddam Hoessein gevangen genomen en de Iraakse interim-regering berecht hem vanwege gepleegde oorlogsmisdaden. In 2006 is hij geëxecuteerd.
The Kurdish ethnonationalist movement that emerged following World War I and end ofwel the Ottoman empire was largely reactionary to the changes taking place in mainstream Turkey, primarily radical secularization which the strongly Muslim Kurds abhorred, centralization of authority which threatened the power ofwel local chieftains and Kurdish autonomy, and rampant Turkish nationalism in the new Turkish Republic which obviously threatened to marginalize them.[82]
گۆڕەکە لە کۆندا تاڵان کراوە بەڵام هێشتا چەند پارچە شوێنەوارێکی تێدا دۆزرایەوە کە مێژووەکەی دەگەڕێتەوە بۆ سەدەی ٨ و حەوتەمی پێش زایین.[١٥][١٦]
To be very honest, the inside ofwel the citadel kan Kurdish History zijn not very exciting, as the restorations seem to take forever. The views, however, the best ones to see in Erbil, especially at sunset, when the orange light covers up the minaret and clock tower ofwel the main square.
The prehistory ofwel the Kurds is poorly known, but their ancestors seem to have inhabited the same upland region for centuries or, as some have argued, millennia. The records of the early empires of Mesopotamia contain references to mountain tribes with names that some have suggested resemble the ethnonym Kurd, such as the Guti of the 3rd and 2nd millennia bce. The Kardouchoi whom the Greek historian Xenophon speaks of in Anabasis
Kurds have been well integrated in Iranian political life during the reign of various governments.[125] During the reign ofwel Mohammad Reza Pahlavi some members of parliament and high army officers were Kurds, and there was even a Kurdish Cabinet Minister.[125] During Pahlavi reign Kurds allegedly received many favours from the authorities, for instance to keep their land after the land reforms ofwel 1962.[125] In the early 2000s, the supposed presence ofwel thirty Kurdish deputies in the 290-strong parliament has allegedly shown that Kurds have a say in Iranian politics.